Dadasaheb Phalke: The Father of Indian Cinema
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (1870-1944), popularly known as Dadasaheb Phalke, is widely regarded as the "Father of Indian Cinema." A pioneer...
Subramania Bharati: Nationalist Poetry and Songs
Subramania Bharati (1882-1921) was a towering figure in Tamil literature, widely revered as a Mahakavi ('Great Poet') and a fervent...
Nil Darpan (The Indigo Mirror) by Dinabandhu Mitra
Nil Darpan (1860) is a seminal Bengali social drama that exposed the coercion, debt-bondage, and violence inflicted by European indigo...
Bharatmata – Abanindranath Tagore Painting
Introduction Painted in 1905 during the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore’s Bharat Mata is one of the earliest and most influential...
The Tashkent Agreement (1966): Peace Treaty or Political Betrayal?
Signed on 10 January 1966 under Soviet mediation, the Tashkent Declaration ended active hostilities of the 1965 India–Pakistan War and...
The Janata Party Experiment (1977-1980): India’s First Non-Congress Government
India’s first non-Congress government took office in March 1977 after the Emergency, as the Janata Party alliance swept the Lok...
Political Integration of Princely States during the Partition of India
Between 1947 and the early 1950s, more than 560 princely states were brought into the Indian Union through a calibrated...
Mature Harappan Phase Begins (2600 BCE)
Around 2600 BCE, the Early Harappan regional cultures of the northwestern subcontinent coalesced into a fully urban civilization stretching from...
Razia Sultan: The Turkic Empress Who Dared to Rule Delhi
Razia Sultan (r. 1236–1240) defied the patriarchal conventions of the 13th-century Delhi Sultanate to rule in her own right as...
The Chola Dynasty: Maritime Power and Temple Builders of South India
The Chola dynasty (c. 9th–13th centuries CE) forged one of premodern India’s most formidable maritime states, projecting influence from the...
