Srikakulam District, located in the extreme northeast of Andhra Pradesh, is a region steeped in history and natural beauty. Historically part of the Kalinga Kingdom, it served as a capital for the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. Today, it is known for its long coastline along the Bay of Bengal and major rivers like Nagavali and Vamsadhara that enrich its agrarian economy. The district is a spiritual hub, home to the rare Arasavalli Sun Temple and the unique Srikurmam Temple. With a blend of Telugu and Odia cultures, Srikakulam offers a distinct mix of ancient architecture, Buddhist heritage sites like Salihundam, and vibrant local traditions.| Attribute | Details |
| District Headquarters | Srikakulam City |
| Location | Northeastern Andhra Pradesh (Bordering Odisha) |
| Key Rivers | Nagavali, Vamsadhara, Bahuda, Mahendratanaya |
| Famous For | Arasavalli Sun Temple, Srikurmam, Ponduru Khadi, Salihundam Buddhist Site |
| Major Festivals | Arasavalli Sun Festival, Ugadi, Sankranti |
| Climate | Tropical Savanna (Hot summers, heavy monsoons) |
| Nearest Airport | Visakhapatnam International Airport (~120 km) |
| Historical Name | Chicacole (British Era), Kalinganagari |
Historical Background: The Kalinga Legacy
Srikakulam’s history is ancient, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Stone and Iron Ages at sites like Dannanapeta. It was a crucial part of the glorious Kalinga Kingdom and served as the capital for the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. Over centuries, it saw the rule of the Suryavanshis of Nandapur, the Qutb Shahis of Golconda (who appointed local officers called ‘Fouzdars’), and later the British, under whom it was known as Chicacole. It was carved out as a separate district in 1950, preserving its rich legacy as the gateway to the East.
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Spirituality and Architecture
Srikakulam is a treasure trove for pilgrims and history buffs.
- Arasavalli Sun Temple: One of the few temples in India dedicated to the Sun God (Suryanarayana Swamy), built by the Kalinga rulers. It is famous for its architectural alignment where the sun’s rays touch the deity’s feet twice a year.
- Srikurmam: The only temple in the world dedicated to the “Kurma” (Tortoise) avatar of Lord Vishnu, showcasing a unique blend of Kalinga and Dravidian architecture.
- Srimukhalingam: Known as the “Kashi of the East,” this temple complex on the banks of the Vamsadhara River was the ancient capital of the Eastern Gangas.
Buddhist Heritage and Geography
The district is not just Hindu temples; Salihundam is a major Buddhist heritage site situated on a hillock overlooking the Vamsadhara River. It features ancient stupas and inscriptions, highlighting the region’s spiritual diversity. Geographically, the district is blessed with a 193 km coastline—the longest in Andhra Pradesh—and is flanked by the Eastern Ghats. It is drained by major rivers like Nagavali and Vamsadhara, making it an agricultural heartland known for paddy, sugarcane, and cashew.
Culture and Economy
The culture of Srikakulam is a vibrant mix of Telugu and Odia influences. The district is famous for Ponduru Khadi, a fine variety of hand-spun cotton that was lauded by Mahatma Gandhi himself. The economy is primarily agrarian, but the long coastline also supports a thriving fishing industry. The region is also known for its unique “Budithi” brassware, a craft that has gained geographical recognition.
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Quick Comparison: Attractions of Srikakulam
| Category | Key Sites | Significance |
| Spiritual | Arasavalli, Srikurmam, Srimukhalingam | Unique deities (Sun God, Tortoise Avatar) and ancient Kalinga architecture. |
| Historical | Salihundam, Kalingapatnam | Buddhist stupas and ancient ports marking early trade and religion. |
| Nature | Telineelapuram Bird Sanctuary, Baruva Beach | Biodiversity hotspots and pristine coastal landscapes. |
Curious Indian Fast Facts
- Gandhi’s Favorite Fabric: The Khadi produced in the village of Ponduru is so fine that Mahatma Gandhi preferred it and sent his son to learn the spinning technique there.
- Unique Deity: The Arasavalli Sun Temple is one of the only two major sun temples in India (the other being Konark), and it is the only one where rituals are actively performed daily.
- Tortoise Temple: Srikurmam is the only temple in the world dedicated to the Kurma (Tortoise) avatar of Vishnu.
- British Name: During the colonial era, the district was anglicized as “Chicacole.”
- Bird Migration: Telineelapuram village attracts painted storks and spot-billed pelicans from Siberia every year for nesting.
Conclusion
Srikakulam District is more than just a dot on the map; it is a living museum of Andhra’s history. From the chanting of mantras at Arasavalli to the rhythmic waves at Kalingapatnam, the district offers a soulful journey through time. With its pristine beaches, architectural marvels, and the famous Ponduru Khadi, Srikakulam stands as a proud testament to the resilience and culture of the Uttarandhra region, inviting travelers to explore the “Northern Pearl” of the East Coast.
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If you think you have remembered everything about this topic take this QUIZ
Results
#1. The Arasavalli Sun Temple is famous for a specific architectural alignment that occurs twice a year. What is it?
#2. Which village in Srikakulam is world-famous for a variety of Khadi that was highly praised by Mahatma Gandhi?
#3. What is unique about the Srikurmam Temple compared to every other temple in the world?
#4. Salihundam, located on a hillock overlooking the Vamsadhara River, is a major heritage site for which religion?
#5. What was the anglicized name used for Srikakulam during the British colonial era?
#6. According to the geography of the district, Srikakulam holds what record regarding the coastline of Andhra Pradesh?
#7. The village of Telineelapuram is a nature lover’s destination because it attracts which migratory birds from Siberia?
#8. Which temple complex on the banks of the Vamsadhara is known as the ‘Kashi of the East’?
What is Srikakulam famous for?
It is famous for the Arasavalli Sun Temple, the Srikurmam Vishnu Temple, and its fine Ponduru Khadi.
Which river flows through Srikakulam?
The Nagavali and Vamsadhara are the major rivers flowing through the district.
How do I reach Srikakulam?
The district headquarters is well-connected by National Highway 16 and the Srikakulam Road Railway Station (Amadalavalasa). The nearest airport is in Visakhapatnam.
What is the best time to visit Srikakulam?
The best time to visit is during the winter months, from November to February, when the weather is pleasant.
Are there Buddhist sites in Srikakulam?
Yes, Salihundam is a prominent ancient Buddhist site located on a hillock near the Vamsadhara River.
